Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Urine L-selectin reflects clinical and histological renal disease activity and treatment response in lupus nephritis across multi-ethnicity
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200167
Figure Lengend Snippet: uL-selectin reflects concurrent renal pathology indices in LN. uL-selectin in LN patients correlated with AI (A) and CI (B) by Spearman correlation analysis. (C) Correlation matrix for comparison of uL-selectin and conventional metrics (serum C3, C4, anti-dsDNA and 24h proteinuria) with renal pathology AI, CI and their component attributes. The numbers in squares (upper right), and the colors and size of circles (lower left) all represent the corresponding Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The upper right and lower left halves of the plot depict the same results across an imaginary diagonal. The circles (lower left) were removed where the corresponding P value for the correlation coefficient exceeded 0.05. (D) uL-selectin could discriminate high AI (AI>6) from low AI (AI ≤ 6), and (E) could also differentiate high CI (CI>3) from low CI (CI ≤ 3), compared with conventional disease indices. Values in the plot indicate areas under curve. (F) The forest plot summarizes results from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for high renal pathology CI scores. Lower urinary L-selectin was associated with an increased risk of high CI (CI>3) even after adjusting for age, gender, SLE disease duration and LN disease duration. OR values in multivariate logistic regression were adjusted OR values. AI, activity index; CI, chronicity index; R, Spearman’s correlation coefficient; L-sel/uL-selectin/Cr, urinary L-selectin adjusted by creatinine; DNA, anti-dsDNA antibody; UP, 24-hour urine protein quantity; AI-1, Endocapillary hypercellularity; AI-2, Neutrophils/karyorrhexis; AI-3, Cellular/fibrocellular crescents; AI-4, Fibrinoid necrosis; AI-5, Hyaline deposits; AI-6, Interstitial inflammation; CI-1, Glomerulosclerosis; CI-2, Fibrous crescents; CI-3, Interstitial fibrosis; CI-4, Tubular atrophy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001.
Article Snippet: Urinary L-selectin (uL-selectin) was assayed using a commercially available human L-selectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (DY728, R&D System; ELH-LSelectin, Raybiotech; 1:20) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. uL-selectin was normalized by urine creatinine using Creatinine Parameter Assay Kit (KGE005, R&D Systems).
Techniques: Comparison, Activity Assay, Filtration